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	<title>EjerciciosFyQ</title>
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	<description>Ejercicios Resueltos, Situaciones de aprendizaje y V&#205;DEOS de F&#237;sica y Qu&#237;mica para Secundaria y Bachillerato</description>
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<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Constante de desintegraci&#243;n y actividad radiactiva de la desintegraci&#243;n alfa del radio (8455)</title>
		<link>https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Constante-de-desintegracion-y-actividad-radiactiva-de-la-desintegracion-alfa</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Constante-de-desintegracion-y-actividad-radiactiva-de-la-desintegracion-alfa</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-05-07T05:12:27Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>F_y_Q</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Radiactividad</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Actividad radiactiva</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Reacciones nucleares</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>RESUELTO</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Constante radiactiva</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Un n&#250;cleo de (radio-226) experimenta desintegraci&#243;n con una vida media a&#241;os, transform&#225;ndose en (rad&#243;n-222). &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
a) Escribe la reacci&#243;n nuclear correspondiente a este proceso. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
b) Calcula la constante de desintegraci&#243;n (), expresada en . &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
c) Determina la actividad inicial de una muestra de 1.00 g de . &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
d) &#191;Cu&#225;nto tiempo tardar&#225; la muestra en reducir su actividad al del valor inicial, expresado en a&#241;os? &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Datos: ; .&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Fisica-nuclear" rel="directory"&gt;F&#237;sica nuclear&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Radiactividad" rel="tag"&gt;Radiactividad&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Actividad-radiactiva" rel="tag"&gt;Actividad radiactiva&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Reacciones-nucleares" rel="tag"&gt;Reacciones nucleares&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/RESUELTO" rel="tag"&gt;RESUELTO&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Constante-radiactiva" rel="tag"&gt;Constante radiactiva&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Un n&#250;cleo de &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L51xH25/faa2d5db8064f763daddcc60cb9777d9-eaa89.png?1746595023' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='51' height='25' alt=&#034;^{226}_{88}\ce{Ra}&#034; title=&#034;^{226}_{88}\ce{Ra}&#034; /&gt; (radio-226) experimenta desintegraci&#243;n &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L18xH30/7b7f9dbfea05c83784f8b85149852f08-0bef3.png?1732958350' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='18' height='30' alt=&#034;\alpha&#034; title=&#034;\alpha&#034; /&gt; con una vida media &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L111xH20/2e3e8a09b218cc7f689238d55a6b44c4-67459.png?1746595023' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='111' height='20' alt=&#034;\tau = 1.6\cdot 10^3&#034; title=&#034;\tau = 1.6\cdot 10^3&#034; /&gt; a&#241;os, transform&#225;ndose en &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L52xH25/be51200bac8e8413c62601e3bcc53514-8dee3.png?1746595023' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='52' height='25' alt=&#034;^{222}_{86}\ce{Rn}&#034; title=&#034;^{222}_{86}\ce{Rn}&#034; /&gt; (rad&#243;n-222).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;a) Escribe la reacci&#243;n nuclear correspondiente a este proceso.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;b) Calcula la constante de desintegraci&#243;n (&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L18xH40/c6a6eb61fd9c6c913da73b3642ca147d-61502.png?1732970442' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='18' height='40' alt=&#034;\lambda&#034; title=&#034;\lambda&#034; /&gt;), expresada en &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L28xH20/12aeca6f151fa63be6365ff4b77c5cef-30eec.png?1733070831' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='28' height='20' alt=&#034;s^{-1}&#034; title=&#034;s^{-1}&#034; /&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;c) Determina la actividad inicial de una muestra de 1.00 g de &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L51xH20/6590ab38f9f4f5cb411625b8cfcfefb7-6f9ea.png?1746595023' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='51' height='20' alt=&#034;^{226}\ce{Ra}&#034; title=&#034;^{226}\ce{Ra}&#034; /&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;d) &#191;Cu&#225;nto tiempo tardar&#225; la muestra en reducir su actividad al &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L40xH19/6052316fbea45df4b6ba450703c0534b-46ab4.png?1732990643' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='40' height='19' alt=&#034;10\ \%&#034; title=&#034;10\ \%&#034; /&gt; del valor inicial, expresado en a&#241;os?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Datos: &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L206xH24/0bd56e8344abb080dabf31e6ade0c83c-3f7c8.png?1746595023' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='206' height='24' alt=&#034;M_{^{226}\ce{Ra}} = 226\ g\cdot \text{mol}^{-1}&#034; title=&#034;M_{^{226}\ce{Ra}} = 226\ g\cdot \text{mol}^{-1}&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L218xH22/67982dbeba444f4f386b76da0f373513-606e4.png?1746595023' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='218' height='22' alt=&#034;N_A = 6.022\cdot 10^{23}\ \text{mol}^{-1}&#034; title=&#034;N_A = 6.022\cdot 10^{23}\ \text{mol}^{-1}&#034; /&gt;.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div &lt;div class='rss_ps'&gt;&lt;p&gt;a) La desintegraci&#243;n &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/7b7f9dbfea05c83784f8b85149852f08.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;18&#034; height=&#034;30&#034; alt=&#034;\alpha&#034; title=&#034;\alpha&#034; /&gt; del &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/faa2d5db8064f763daddcc60cb9777d9.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;51&#034; height=&#034;25&#034; alt=&#034;^{226}_{88}\ce{Ra}&#034; title=&#034;^{226}_{88}\ce{Ra}&#034; /&gt; produce un n&#250;cleo de &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/be51200bac8e8413c62601e3bcc53514.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;52&#034; height=&#034;25&#034; alt=&#034;^{222}_{86}\ce{Rn}&#034; title=&#034;^{222}_{86}\ce{Rn}&#034; /&gt; y una part&#237;cula alfa: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;p class=&#034;spip&#034; style=&#034;text-align: center;&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/7aa369bb3e3045bf1a8ac789506b2a58.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;258&#034; height=&#034;37&#034; alt=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\textbf{\ce{^{226}_{88}Ra -&gt; ^{222}_{86}Rn + ^4_2He}}}}&#034; title=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\textbf{\ce{^{226}_{88}Ra -&gt; ^{222}_{86}Rn + ^4_2He}}}}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;br/&gt; b) La vida media est&#225; relacionada con la constante de desintegraci&#243;n por medio de la ecuaci&#243;n: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/8689f1eebd704c4b34fdc40b0d3e8318.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;171&#034; height=&#034;47&#034; alt=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{\tau = \frac{1}{\lambda}\ \to \lambda = \frac{1}{\tau}}}&#034; title=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{\tau = \frac{1}{\lambda}\ \to \lambda = \frac{1}{\tau}}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Debes expresar la vida media en segundos: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/77e8368265bce79969d9ed79cad2d74a.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;585&#034; height=&#034;51&#034; alt=&#034;\tau = 1.6\cdot 10^3\ \cancel{a\tilde{n}os}\cdot \frac{365\ \cancel{d\acute{\imath}as}}{1\ \cancel{a\tilde{n}o}}\cdot \frac{24\ \cancel{h}}{1\ \cancel{d\acute{\imath}a}}\cdot \frac{3.6\cdot 10^3\ s}{1\ \cancel{h}} = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bm{5.05\cdot 10^{10}\ s}}&#034; title=&#034;\tau = 1.6\cdot 10^3\ \cancel{a\tilde{n}os}\cdot \frac{365\ \cancel{d\acute{\imath}as}}{1\ \cancel{a\tilde{n}o}}\cdot \frac{24\ \cancel{h}}{1\ \cancel{d\acute{\imath}a}}\cdot \frac{3.6\cdot 10^3\ s}{1\ \cancel{h}} = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bm{5.05\cdot 10^{10}\ s}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Sustituyes este valor y calculas la constante de desintegraci&#243;n: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;p class=&#034;spip&#034; style=&#034;text-align: center;&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/d2ed4568cc8913f89e6aa726a615a674.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;351&#034; height=&#034;45&#034; alt=&#034;\lambda = \frac{1}{5.05\cdot 10^{10}\ s} = \fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bm{1.98\cdot 10^{-11}\ s^{-1}}}}&#034; title=&#034;\lambda = \frac{1}{5.05\cdot 10^{10}\ s} = \fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bm{1.98\cdot 10^{-11}\ s^{-1}}}}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;br/&gt; c) La actividad se define en funci&#243;n del n&#250;mero de n&#250;cleos radiactivos con la ecuaci&#243;n: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/ffea3bc7262493ad1b1743397b5bd46e.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;102&#034; height=&#034;17&#034; alt=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{A = \lambda\cdot N}}&#034; title=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{A = \lambda\cdot N}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Tienes que determinar el n&#250;mero de n&#250;cleos que est&#225;n contenidos en el gramo de radio de partida. Para ello, multiplicas los moles de radio por el n&#250;mero de Avogadro, seg&#250;n la ecuaci&#243;n: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/a1a4a6ee626ad714d8038dd8ce4edee3.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;134&#034; height=&#034;43&#034; alt=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{N = \frac{m}{M}\cdot N_A}}&#034; title=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{N = \frac{m}{M}\cdot N_A}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Sustituyes y calculas: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/e511226da4781bb795d75c96cdad2b7c.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;657&#034; height=&#034;51&#034; alt=&#034;N = \frac{1.00\ \cancel{g}}{226\ \cancel{g}\cdot \cancel{\text{mol}^{-1}}}\cdot 6.022\cdot 10^{23}\ n\acute{u}cleos\cdot \cancel{\text{mol}^{-1}} = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bm{2.66\cdot 10^{21}\ n\acute{u}cleos}}&#034; title=&#034;N = \frac{1.00\ \cancel{g}}{226\ \cancel{g}\cdot \cancel{\text{mol}^{-1}}}\cdot 6.022\cdot 10^{23}\ n\acute{u}cleos\cdot \cancel{\text{mol}^{-1}} = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bm{2.66\cdot 10^{21}\ n\acute{u}cleos}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; La actividad inicial es: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;p class=&#034;spip&#034; style=&#034;text-align: center;&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/a4fc6a67ba5b56418d6ead66947cb50f.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;648&#034; height=&#034;34&#034; alt=&#034;{\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{A_0 = \lambda\cdot N}}} = 1.98\cdot 10^{-11}\ s^{-1}\cdot 2.66\cdot 10^{21}\ n\acute{u}cleos = \fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bm{5.27\cdot 10^{10}\ Bq}}}&#034; title=&#034;{\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{A_0 = \lambda\cdot N}}} = 1.98\cdot 10^{-11}\ s^{-1}\cdot 2.66\cdot 10^{21}\ n\acute{u}cleos = \fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bm{5.27\cdot 10^{10}\ Bq}}}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;br/&gt; d) La actividad decae exponencialmente con el tiempo seg&#250;n la ecuaci&#243;n: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/8ebbddfa3071f0ce23c69ef8780097a3.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;147&#034; height=&#034;25&#034; alt=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{A(t) = A_0 e^{-\lambda t}}}&#034; title=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{A(t) = A_0 e^{-\lambda t}}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Como la actividad debe ser el &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/6052316fbea45df4b6ba450703c0534b.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;40&#034; height=&#034;19&#034; alt=&#034;10\ \%&#034; title=&#034;10\ \%&#034; /&gt; de la actividad inicial, la ecuaci&#243;n anterior queda como: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/a1afe34f416a44aaaa3383d2338b8d53.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;357&#034; height=&#034;25&#034; alt=&#034;0.10 A_0 = A_0 e^{-\lambda t}\ \to\ \color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{ln(0.10) = -\lambda t}}&#034; title=&#034;0.10 A_0 = A_0 e^{-\lambda t}\ \to\ \color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{ln(0.10) = -\lambda t}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Despejas el valor de &#171;t&#187; y calculas: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/6687072d988c308ed68b6fd93cb4b62c.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;472&#034; height=&#034;50&#034; alt=&#034;{\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{t = \frac{-\ln(0.10)}{\lambda}}}} = \frac{2.303}{1.98\cdot 10^{-11}\ s^{-1}} = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bm{1.16\cdot 10^{11}\ s}}&#034; title=&#034;{\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{t = \frac{-\ln(0.10)}{\lambda}}}} = \frac{2.303}{1.98\cdot 10^{-11}\ s^{-1}} = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bm{1.16\cdot 10^{11}\ s}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Lo &#250;ltimo que debes hacer es el cambio de unidades para expresar el tiempo en a&#241;os: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;p class=&#034;spip&#034; style=&#034;text-align: center;&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/82aa0a5ce794278f96a2bd96de51634c.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;469&#034; height=&#034;50&#034; alt=&#034;t = 1.16\cdot 10^{11}\ \cancel{s}\cdot \frac{1\ a\tilde{n}o}{3.154\cdot 10^7\ \cancel{s}} = \fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bm{3.68\cdot 10^3\ a\tilde{n}os}}}}&#034; title=&#034;t = 1.16\cdot 10^{11}\ \cancel{s}\cdot \frac{1\ a\tilde{n}o}{3.154\cdot 10^7\ \cancel{s}} = \fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bm{3.68\cdot 10^3\ a\tilde{n}os}}}}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Energ&#237;a liberada en la fisi&#243;n del uranio-235 y reacci&#243;n de fisi&#243;n nuclear (8416)</title>
		<link>https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Energia-liberada-en-la-fision-del-uranio-235-y-reaccion-de-fision-nuclear-8416</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Energia-liberada-en-la-fision-del-uranio-235-y-reaccion-de-fision-nuclear-8416</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-03-18T05:09:18Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>F_y_Q</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Defecto masa</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Reacciones nucleares</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Fisi&#243;n nuclear</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>RESUELTO</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Un n&#250;cleo de uranio-235 () experimenta una fisi&#243;n nuclear y se divide en dos fragmentos, uno de los cuales es kript&#243;n-92 () y el otro es bario-141 (). Adem&#225;s, se emiten tres neutrones (3n) en el proceso. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
a) Escribe la ecuaci&#243;n nuclear que describe esta reacci&#243;n de fisi&#243;n. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
b) Calcula la energ&#237;a liberada en esta reacci&#243;n, expresada en MeV. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Datos: ; ; ;&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Fisica-nuclear" rel="directory"&gt;F&#237;sica nuclear&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Defecto-masa" rel="tag"&gt;Defecto masa&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Reacciones-nucleares" rel="tag"&gt;Reacciones nucleares&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Fision-nuclear" rel="tag"&gt;Fisi&#243;n nuclear&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/RESUELTO" rel="tag"&gt;RESUELTO&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Un n&#250;cleo de uranio-235 (&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L39xH20/8ab43f4747a30d3726d9fca5ca8c07be-0f109.png?1742274782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='39' height='20' alt=&#034;^{235}\text{U}&#034; title=&#034;^{235}\text{U}&#034; /&gt;) experimenta una fisi&#243;n nuclear y se divide en dos fragmentos, uno de los cuales es kript&#243;n-92 (&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L40xH19/1d0a92770ffc48a9f346adbaaff2d831-bb3b3.png?1742274782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='40' height='19' alt=&#034;^{92}\text{Kr}&#034; title=&#034;^{92}\text{Kr}&#034; /&gt;) y el otro es bario-141 (&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L49xH20/3a7539a6427f0f4427c3af6f94d6e128-caa23.png?1742274782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='49' height='20' alt=&#034;^{141}\text{Ba}&#034; title=&#034;^{141}\text{Ba}&#034; /&gt;). Adem&#225;s, se emiten tres neutrones (3n) en el proceso.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;a) Escribe la ecuaci&#243;n nuclear que describe esta reacci&#243;n de fisi&#243;n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;b) Calcula la energ&#237;a liberada en esta reacci&#243;n, expresada en MeV.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Datos: &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L192xH25/718325e67d98f10db3ea2036f4e4751b-7e784.png?1742274782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='192' height='25' alt=&#034;m(^{235}\text{U}): 235.0439\ u&#034; title=&#034;m(^{235}\text{U}): 235.0439\ u&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L182xH25/70ff49c9152c8731a15350c3ecd3a91d-2b62f.png?1742274782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='182' height='25' alt=&#034;m(^{92}\text{Kr}): 91.9262\ u&#034; title=&#034;m(^{92}\text{Kr}): 91.9262\ u&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L202xH25/75273c0effdb23246bdb71d6b68ea88a-3ecd4.png?1742274782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='202' height='25' alt=&#034;m(^{141}\text{Ba}): 140.9144\ u&#034; title=&#034;m(^{141}\text{Ba}): 140.9144\ u&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L124xH20/ac0387503621d6f26cbca30c81be7ce7-00e5b.png?1742274782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='124' height='20' alt=&#034;m_n: 1.0087\ u&#034; title=&#034;m_n: 1.0087\ u&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L205xH20/2d9859f0ef2e1aa42b58e4296d195898-8174f.png?1742274782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='205' height='20' alt=&#034;1\ u = 931.5\ MeV\cdot c^{-2}&#034; title=&#034;1\ u = 931.5\ MeV\cdot c^{-2}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div &lt;div class='rss_ps'&gt;&lt;p&gt;a) La ecuaci&#243;n nuclear de la fisi&#243;n descrita en el enunciado es: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;p class=&#034;spip&#034; style=&#034;text-align: center;&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/dac1ca764ebe80acdf0b09df6503e686.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;371&#034; height=&#034;34&#034; alt=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\textbf{\ce{^{235}U + ^1n -&gt; ^{92}Kr + ^{141}Ba + 3^1n}}}}&#034; title=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\textbf{\ce{^{235}U + ^1n -&gt; ^{92}Kr + ^{141}Ba + 3^1n}}}}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Un neutr&#243;n incide sobre el n&#250;cleo de uranio-235 y provoca su fisi&#243;n en los dos fragmentos mencionados, liberando tres neutrones adicionales. &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; b) Para calcular la energ&#237;a liberada debes utilizar la ecuaci&#243;n de Einstein que relaciona el defecto de masa con la energ&#237;a: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/ef2fdb20f508ff2408089a515f209600.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;127&#034; height=&#034;20&#034; alt=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{E = \Delta m \cdot c^2}}&#034; title=&#034;\color[RGB]{2,112,20}{\bm{E = \Delta m \cdot c^2}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; Debes calcular la masa al inicio y al final de la reacci&#243;n: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;u&gt;Masa inicial&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/d15b898525cb0358e117e056c1bcb2ec.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;577&#034; height=&#034;25&#034; alt=&#034;m_i = m(\ce{^{235}U}) + m(\ce{^1n}) = (235.0439 + 1.0087)\ u = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bf 236.0526\ u}&#034; title=&#034;m_i = m(\ce{^{235}U}) + m(\ce{^1n}) = (235.0439 + 1.0087)\ u = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bf 236.0526\ u}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;u&gt;Masa final&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/5d15a83535d5acd6d197019ac328ac32.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;824&#034; height=&#034;25&#034; alt=&#034;m_f = m(\ce{^{92}Kr}) + m(\ce{^{141}Ba}) + 3m(\ce{^1n}) = (91.9262 + 140.9144 + 3\cdot 1.0087)\ u = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bf 235.8667\ u}&#034; title=&#034;m_f = m(\ce{^{92}Kr}) + m(\ce{^{141}Ba}) + 3m(\ce{^1n}) = (91.9262 + 140.9144 + 3\cdot 1.0087)\ u = \color[RGB]{0,112,192}{\bf 235.8667\ u}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; La energ&#237;a liberada es: &lt;br/&gt; &lt;br/&gt; &lt;p class=&#034;spip&#034; style=&#034;text-align: center;&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/9b1d58d2b0387d0122950033253128d7.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;860&#034; height=&#034;50&#034; alt=&#034;E = (m_f - m_i)\cdot c^2 = (235.8667 - 236.0526)\ \cancel{u}\cdot \cancel{c^2}\cdot \frac{931.5\ MeV\cdot \cancel{c^{-2}}}{1\ \cancel{u}}\ \to\ \fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bf E = -173.1\ MeV}}&#034; title=&#034;E = (m_f - m_i)\cdot c^2 = (235.8667 - 236.0526)\ \cancel{u}\cdot \cancel{c^2}\cdot \frac{931.5\ MeV\cdot \cancel{c^{-2}}}{1\ \cancel{u}}\ \to\ \fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bf E = -173.1\ MeV}}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Desintegraci&#243;n alfa, energ&#237;a liberada y energ&#237;a cin&#233;tica de la part&#237;cula alfa (8417)</title>
		<link>https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Desintegracion-alfa-energia-liberada-y-energia-cinetica-de-la-particula-alfa</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Desintegracion-alfa-energia-liberada-y-energia-cinetica-de-la-particula-alfa</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-03-17T06:06:14Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>F_y_Q</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Defecto masa</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Radiactividad</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Reacciones nucleares</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>RESUELTO</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Un n&#250;cleo de plutonio-239 () experimenta una desintegraci&#243;n alfa y se transforma en uranio-235 ). &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
a) Escribe la ecuaci&#243;n nuclear que describe esta desintegraci&#243;n alfa. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
b) Calcula la energ&#237;a cin&#233;tica total liberada en la desintegraci&#243;n, expresada en MeV. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
c) Suponiendo que el n&#250;cleo de uranio-235 y la part&#237;cula alfa comparten la energ&#237;a liberada, calcula la energ&#237;a cin&#233;tica de la part&#237;cula alfa. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Datos: ; ; ; ;&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Fisica-nuclear" rel="directory"&gt;F&#237;sica nuclear&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Defecto-masa" rel="tag"&gt;Defecto masa&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Radiactividad" rel="tag"&gt;Radiactividad&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/Reacciones-nucleares" rel="tag"&gt;Reacciones nucleares&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://ejercicios-fyq.com/RESUELTO" rel="tag"&gt;RESUELTO&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Un n&#250;cleo de plutonio-239 (&lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L49xH20/323e4bd393b49e53c388df6ca5ec2157-f39dd.png?1742191782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='49' height='20' alt=&#034;\ce{^{239}Pu}&#034; title=&#034;\ce{^{239}Pu}&#034; /&gt;) experimenta una desintegraci&#243;n alfa y se transforma en uranio-235 &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L45xH25/420ff84ac5fcaa318331e7d1ec628fba-b70cc.png?1742191782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='45' height='25' alt=&#034;(\ce{^{235}U}&#034; title=&#034;(\ce{^{235}U}&#034; /&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;a) Escribe la ecuaci&#243;n nuclear que describe esta desintegraci&#243;n alfa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;b) Calcula la energ&#237;a cin&#233;tica total liberada en la desintegraci&#243;n, expresada en MeV.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;c) Suponiendo que el n&#250;cleo de uranio-235 y la part&#237;cula alfa comparten la energ&#237;a liberada, calcula la energ&#237;a cin&#233;tica de la part&#237;cula alfa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Datos: &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L202xH25/9e38db3c7e50850eec349c49b4cabc74-2fb53.png?1742191782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='202' height='25' alt=&#034;m(\ce{^{239}Pu}): 239.0522\ u&#034; title=&#034;m(\ce{^{239}Pu}): 239.0522\ u&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L192xH25/4601e3c4f669bcaf8d2bb90de4952eac-cc67f.png?1742191782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='192' height='25' alt=&#034;m(\ce{^{235}U}): 235.0439\ u&#034; title=&#034;m(\ce{^{235}U}): 235.0439\ u&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L164xH25/3e123ecacbf30a057515a5585b19084a-2b458.png?1742191782' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='164' height='25' alt=&#034;m(\ce{^4He}): 4.0026\ u&#034; title=&#034;m(\ce{^4He}): 4.0026\ u&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L145xH19/4448d972b70264ea94fa38e0558dfce9-82ef8.png?1732969111' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='145' height='19' alt=&#034;1\ u = 1.66\cdot 10^{-27}\ kg&#034; title=&#034;1\ u = 1.66\cdot 10^{-27}\ kg&#034; /&gt; ; &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-vignettes/L155xH47/a4d0ba4bea70dc831994fd159c9fa57a-9a196.png?1732980356' style='vertical-align:middle;' width='155' height='47' alt=&#034;c = 3\cdot 10^8\ m\cdot s^{-1}&#034; title=&#034;c = 3\cdot 10^8\ m\cdot s^{-1}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div &lt;div class='rss_ps'&gt;&lt;p&gt;a) &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/a3f7a5e096189aaeb546d693837c748f.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;245&#034; height=&#034;34&#034; alt=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\textbf{\ce{^{239}Pu -&gt; ^{235}U + ^4He}}}}&#034; title=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\textbf{\ce{^{239}Pu -&gt; ^{235}U + ^4He}}}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; b) &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/8aadca79bcf539c5ac0dc37624a936e7.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;174&#034; height=&#034;28&#034; alt=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bf E = -5.32\ MeV}}&#034; title=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bf E = -5.32\ MeV}}&#034; /&gt; &lt;br/&gt; c) &lt;img src='https://ejercicios-fyq.com/local/cache-TeX/16cbf2aed6a7c2a9bf33b8657f8fd68e.png' style=&#034;vertical-align:middle;&#034; width=&#034;220&#034; height=&#034;35&#034; alt=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bm{E_C(\alpha) = 5.19\ MeV}}}&#034; title=&#034;\fbox{\color[RGB]{192,0,0}{\bm{E_C(\alpha) = 5.19\ MeV}}}&#034; /&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;RESOLUCI&#211;N DEL PROBLEMA EN V&#205;DEO&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;iframe width=&#034;560&#034; height=&#034;315&#034; src=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/embed/mindgMsQ_vM&#034; title=&#034;YouTube video player&#034; frameborder=&#034;0&#034; allow=&#034;accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture&#034; allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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